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ADHD Treatment Medication Stimulants, the most commonly prescribed treatment for ADHD are believed to regulate brain chemicals and boost their levels. They are not able to cure the disorder and only manage symptoms if used regularly. The adverse effects of ADHD medications can include changes in blood pressure as well as heart rate, anxiety and tics. Certain teenagers and children who take stimulant drugs notice a slight reduction in their growth rate. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate is a central nervous system stimulant and is the most frequently prescribed medication for ADHD. It comes in a variety forms such as a chewable tablet, a liquid, a long-acting orally disintegrating tablet and an extended-release pill. The drug works by increasing the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, helping to enhance focus. It can also help reduce the symptoms of anxiety and depression. Methylphenidate can be a successful treatment for ADHD in combination with other treatments, like behavioural therapy. Methylphenidate blocks the transporters which remove these neurotransmitters from the brain. The medication can cause a slight increase in blood pressure and heart rate. It may also trigger an abrupt change in blood sugar levels, and those with diabetes must be cautious when taking this medication. If you encounter any of these side effects, speak to your doctor. Methylphenidate is also known to cause Raynaud's phenomenon, which causes numbness of the fingers and feet. This is a rare side effect however it is essential to tell your doctor if you experience these symptoms. There is a concerns that methylphenidate may slow the growth of children, but this hasn't been proven to be the case. If your child is taking methylphenidate, make sure you be aware of their weight and height. If your child is on chewable tablets containing methylphenidate, it contains phenylalanine, which can be dangerous for children suffering from the genetic disorder phenylketonuria (PKU). Consult your physician about a different formulation of methylphenidate in case you suffer from PKU. Certain people have issues with stimulants which are the primary choice of medication for treating ADHD. In these cases, doctors could prescribe a different medication that functions similarly. There are also other stimulants like dexamfetamine or lisdexamfetamine, besides methylphenidate. These drugs are a little more potent than methylphenidate, and they can last longer. They are usually taken two to three times a day However, some people take them more frequently. Psychological treatments are also available to treat ADHD however, they are less likely to be helpful than a stimulant. Atomoxetine Atomoxetine is also called Strattera and is a nonstimulant ADHD drug that boosts concentration while reducing the impulsivity and hyperactivity. It belongs to a category called selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. It works by increasing levels of dopamine and norepinephrine, two chemical messengers which control the brain's activity. It is a favorite choice for both adults and children who prefer a different kind of medication than stimulants, like Adderall and Vyvanse. It is crucial to understand that atomoxetine doesn't work instantly. It may take up to six weeks before the effects of this medication begin to show. There are also negative side effects, such as nausea and drowsiness. For most patients, the advantages of taking atomoxetine far outweigh any risk. In a double-blind, placebo controlled study conducted on 297 ADHD patients aged 12 to 18, the effectiveness of atomoxetine has been confirmed. Participants were randomly assigned to receive atomoxetine, which is a daily dose of 0.6 mg per kilogram or 1.2 mg/kg or a placebo over 9 weeks. Both the atomoxetine and the placebo group experienced a reduction in depression symptoms. The treatment group with atomoxetine showed better improvement in ADHD symptoms than the placebo group. However, medication adhd adults was modest (Michelson and co. 2001). In a follow-up open trial in a second open trial, 10 ADHD patients who did not respond to stimulants were given atomoxetine treatment for 8 weeks. The atomoxetine treatment group demonstrated improvement in ADHD symptoms when compared to placebo with scores on the Conners Adult ADHD Scale Investigator Screening version rated and the Clinical Global Impression of Severity scales increasing significantly. However, one patient experienced a rash and withdrew from the study. Additionally, three patients reported transient gastrointestinal disturbances and one reported increased fatigue (Kratochvil and colleagues, 2005). Talk to your doctor before you start treatment with atomoxetine. Discuss your medical history, which includes any supplements or medications you take. This includes herbal remedies as well as prescription medications. Inform your doctor when any of the following conditions are present for narrow-angle glaucoma thyroid or adrenal gland tumor or a high blood pressure heart disease or a history sudden death. Avoid Atomoxetine in addition to in the event that you've taken an MAO inhibitor such as isocarboxazid and linezolid within the last 14 days, or rasagiline Methylene Blue Injection phenelzine or tranylcypromine. Bupropion Bupropion, a nonstimulant can help improve ADHD symptoms. It can also reduce impulsivity and increase focus, though it doesn't affect the brain in the same way that stimulants do. Only prescriptions are approved. Your doctor will determine the best dosage for you. Bupropion comes in capsules and tablets. It is essential to take the medication exactly as instructed. You might experience withdrawal symptoms if you stop suddenly. It is usually taken two or three times per day with 4-6 hours between each dose. The dose can vary between 100mg and three times per day to 150mg three or four time daily. The drug is absorbed by the digestive tract and excreted into urine, which means it isn't able to enter breast milk. However, it could get into the bloodstream and cause damage to other organs. Bupropion can increase blood pressure. It is essential to keep it in check frequently. Bupropion, in addition to improving ADHD symptoms, can also reduce depression. It is also used to treat bipolar disorder. It works by blocking the dopamine receptors in your brain. Dopamine, a neurotransmitter, is blocked from reaching your brain, which can help stabilize mood. Bupropion may interact with other drugs. Tell your doctor if you're taking any other medication. It is important to inform your doctor know if have any allergies. Avoid caffeine and other stimulants because they can make side effects worse. In several studies, bupropion was compared to placebos for adults suffering from ADHD. The results of these studies were mixed, and the majority of studies were not well-designed. Many of these studies did not include patients with psychiatric co-morbidity. However, the research suggests that bupropion may have a small effect on ADHD. However, more research is needed to determine positive patient-centered outcomes like improvements in quality of life. Furthermore, a better understanding of the molecular subtypes of ADHD is needed before effective treatment can be developed. This is a greater understanding of the relation between the various molecular pathways. It is also crucial to know how anti-ADHD drugs function in conjunction with psychotherapy. Tricyclic antidepressants Antidepressants may be prescribed by doctors if stimulants prescribed to children with ADHD are not effective or cause side adverse effects. These medications, including imipramine and nortriptyline (Aventyl, Pamelor), are effective in boosting the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain to aid in concentration. These older drugs can have serious side negative effects. They are typically used when other medications are not working. The first choice for antidepressants in depression is usually an inhibitor of serotonin reuptake (SSRI), such as sertraline, fluoxetine or citalopram. Tricyclic antidepressants continue to be used in certain cases, despite their long history. They are effective in treating pain caused by neuropathic or other but their antidepressant action is not the identical. They potentiate noradrenephrine by inhibiting its reuptake. They also function as descending modulators of pain pathways within the spinal cord. SSRIs are less harmful and have less adverse effects than tricyclic antidepressants. Additionally, they're safe in pregnancy and aren't teratogenic in animals or humans. If they are abruptly stopped, they could cause significant withdrawal symptoms. Your doctor may recommend slowly decreasing the dosage over several weeks to minimize these effects. Bupropion, a common antidepressant that is prescribed off-label for treating ADHD however, it is not FDA approved as a drug for adhd. It's thought to increase the neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine and acetylcholine within the brain, which improves concentration. It also helps alleviate anxiety and stress. It can be paired with stimulants for more rapid and lasting results. There are no FDA-approved non-stimulant ADHD medications, however many people experience relief from dietary supplements and herbal remedies. A diet that is low in fat and sugar may help reduce ADHD symptoms. Some people might also benefit from avoiding caffeine. It is important to inform your doctor about all medications your child or you takes, including over-the-counter medications and herbal remedies. This can help reduce unwanted side effects and help prevent interactions. ADHD medications can affect individuals differently. It may take some trial and error before you find the right dosage and dose for your child or yourself.